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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Multi-Tracer Studies of Brain Oxygen and Glucose Metabolism Using a Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography Scanner
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Image-derived input function estimation on a TOF-enabled PET/MR for cerebral blood flow mapping.

Mohammad Mehdi Khalighi1, Timothy W Deller2, Audrey Peiwen Fan3

  • 11 Global Applied Science Lab, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, CA, USA.

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
|February 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel, noninvasive method for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) using oxygen-15 water (15O-H2O) PET imaging. The optimized approach overcomes previous limitations, offering robust and accurate CBF quantification in healthy subjects.

Keywords:
Image derived input functionPET/MRcerebral blood flowdynamic PETtime-of-flight

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Radiochemistry
  • Physiology

Background:

  • 15O-H2O PET is a precise method for cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement.
  • Traditional methods for arterial input function (AIF) estimation are limited by temporal resolution, spill-in, and spill-over effects.
  • Accurate AIF is crucial for reliable CBF quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a noninvasive method for estimating the AIF in 15O-H2O PET imaging.
  • To optimize tracer dose and imaging protocols for improved AIF estimation.
  • To assess the accuracy and reproducibility of CBF measurements using the novel method.

Main Methods:

  • Optimized 15O-H2O tracer dose (850 MBq) based on noise-equivalent count rate curves for time-of-flight PET/MR.
  • Reconstructed short-time frame PET angiogram (PETA) to assess spill-over and MR angiogram for true arterial volume.
  • Selected high cervical arteries outside the brain for minimal spill-in effects during AIF estimation.
  • Performed CBF studies twice in 10 healthy subjects, with a third measurement after acetazolamide administration.

Main Results:

  • CBF values in healthy subjects: 88 ± 16 mL/min/100g (gray matter), 44 ± 9 (white matter), and 58 ± 11 (whole brain).
  • High intra-subject reproducibility with differences of 5.0 ± 4.0% (gray matter), 4.1 ± 3.3% (white matter), and 4.5 ± 3.7% (whole brain).
  • Acetazolamide challenge increased CBF by 35 ± 23% (gray matter), 29 ± 20% (white matter), and 33 ± 22% (whole brain), indicating preserved cerebrovascular reactivity.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed noninvasive AIF method provides robust and accurate CBF measurements using 15O-H2O PET.
  • This optimized approach overcomes historical limitations of AIF estimation in PET imaging.
  • The method demonstrates high reproducibility and sensitivity to changes in cerebrovascular function.