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Learning across languages: bilingual experience supports dual language statistical word segmentation.

Dylan M Antovich1, Katharine Graf Estes1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, USA.

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Summary

Bilingual infants can segment speech from two languages using statistical cues, unlike monolingual infants. Early bilingual exposure enhances infants' ability to process dual language environments.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Bilingual acquisition presents unique challenges, including speech segmentation in multiple languages.
  • Infants may utilize statistical learning, specifically transitional probabilities, to identify word boundaries.
  • Monolingual infants struggle with speech segmentation when languages are interleaved, simulating bilingual input.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate 14-month-old infants' (monolingual and bilingual) ability to segment artificial languages using transitional probability cues.
  • To compare segmentation performance between monolingual and bilingual infants in a dual-language context.
  • To determine if real-world bilingual experience facilitates dual language speech segmentation.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed 14-month-old infants' speech segmentation abilities using artificial languages and transitional probability cues.
  • Experiment 1: Monolingual infants segmented individual and interleaved artificial languages.
  • Experiment 2: Bilingual infants segmented interleaved artificial languages, mimicking bilingual speech.

Main Results:

  • Monolingual infants successfully segmented individual language streams but failed with interleaved streams.
  • Bilingual infants demonstrated successful segmentation of interleaved language streams.
  • Early bilingual exposure supports the use of transitional probabilities for dual language segmentation.

Conclusions:

  • Bilingual infants possess enhanced abilities to segment speech in dual language environments compared to monolingual infants.
  • Early exposure to two languages equips infants with skills to navigate the complexities of bilingualism.
  • Transitional probability cues are crucial for infants learning to segment words in multilingual contexts.