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Updated: Aug 3, 2026
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Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test
Published on: April 27, 2016
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGISTS AND AMERICAN COLLEGE OF ENDOCRINOLOGY GUIDELINES FOR MANAGEMENT OF
Summary
This clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations for managing dyslipidemia, emphasizing lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals and advanced risk stratification for improved cardiovascular health.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Cardiovascular Disease Prevention
- Clinical Practice Guidelines
Background:
- Dyslipidemia poses significant risks for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD).
- Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are essential for standardized, evidence-based patient care.
- The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) and American College of Endocrinology (ACE) mandate guideline development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the screening, risk assessment, and treatment of dyslipidemia.
- To guide endocrinologists and healthcare professionals in managing lipid disorders.
- To incorporate new evidence and address specific patient populations.
Main Methods:
- Diligent review of clinical evidence.
- Transparent incorporation of subjective factors into recommendations.
- Adherence to AACE protocols for CPG production.
Main Results:
- 87 recommendations issued: 45 Grade A (51.7%), 18 Grade B (20.7%), 15 Grade C (17.2%), 9 Grade D (10.3%).
- 695 citations included: 202 Evidence Level 1 (29.1%), 137 EL 2 (19.7%), 119 EL 3 (17.1%), 237 EL 4 (34.1%).
- Recommendations support lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals and use of coronary artery calcium scores and inflammatory markers for risk stratification.
Conclusions:
- This CPG serves as a practical tool for reducing dyslipidemia risks and consequences.
- Guidance is provided for screening, risk assessment, and treatment across diverse lipid disorders.
- Special considerations are included for patients with diabetes, familial hypercholesterolemia, women, and pediatric patients.
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