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Related Concept Videos

Phase Transitions01:21

Phase Transitions

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A phase transition is the process in which a substance changes from one state of matter to another, like from a solid to a liquid, liquid to gas, or vice versa, at a specific temperature and under given pressure conditions. This change is spontaneous and is affected by alterations in temperature and pressure. These parameters impact the strength of the forces between molecules (intermolecular forces) in the substance.During a phase transition, both the initial and final phases of the substance...
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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...
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Mechanical systems are analogous to to electrical networks where springs and masses play similar roles to inductors and capacitors, respectively. A viscous damper in mechanical systems functions similarly to a resistor in electrical networks, dissipating energy. The forces acting on a mass in such systems include an applied force in the direction of motion, counteracted by forces from the spring, a viscous damper, and the mass's acceleration. This interplay of forces is mathematically...
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Dynamical Symmetry Breaking and Phase Transitions in Driven Diffusive Systems.

Yongjoo Baek1, Yariv Kafri1, Vivien Lecomte2,3

  • 1Department of Physics, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel.

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|February 4, 2017
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This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates current fluctuations in diffusive systems, revealing phase transitions driven by singularities in large deviation functions. These transitions, linked to symmetry breaking, offer insights into system dynamics and potential experimental applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Non-equilibrium Systems

Background:

  • Understanding current flow in diffusive systems is crucial for electronics and materials science.
  • Phase transitions in driven systems often exhibit complex behaviors and fluctuations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive conditions for phase transitions in diffusive systems connected to reservoirs.
  • To analyze singularities in large deviation functions and their impact on current fluctuations.
  • To present microscopic models and discuss experimental realizations of these transitions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the probability distribution of current.
  • Derivation of sufficient conditions for phase transitions.
  • Development of microscopic models and Landau theory.

Main Results:

  • Identified singularities in the large deviation function indicating enhanced current fluctuations.
  • Established connections between phase transitions and particle-hole symmetry breaking.
  • Distinguished between continuous transitions (with symmetry) and first-order transitions (without symmetry).

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a theoretical framework for understanding phase transitions in driven diffusive systems.
  • Singularities in large deviation functions are key indicators of these transitions.
  • The findings have implications for designing systems with controlled current fluctuations and exploring novel quantum phenomena.