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Updated: Mar 8, 2026
Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
Published on: September 5, 2017
Risks for tuberculosis in Kazakhstan: implications for prevention
A Davis1, A Terlikbayeva2, A Aifah1
1Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA.
Setting:
Four regions in Kazakhstan where participants were recruited from June 2012 to May 2014.
Objective:
To examine associations between incarceration history and tobacco, alcohol, and drug consumption, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and diabetes mellitus (DM) with TB.
Design:
This matched case-control study included 1600 participants who completed a survey on sociodemographics, history of incarceration, tobacco, alcohol and drug use, and HIV and DM diagnosis. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine associations between a TB diagnosis and risk factors.
Results:
Participants who had ever smoked tobacco (aOR 1.73, 95%CI 1.23-2.43, P 0.01), ever drank alcohol (aOR 1.41, 95%CI 1.03-1.93, P 0.05), were HIV-positive (aOR 36.37, 95%CI 2.05-646.13, P 0.05) or had DM (aOR 13.96, 95%CI 6.37-30.56, P 0.01) were more likely to have TB.
Conclusions:
The association between TB and tobacco use, alcohol use, HIV and DM in Kazakhstan suggests a need for comprehensive intervention and prevention approaches that also address tobacco and alcohol use, DM and HIV.
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