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Stroke Epidemiology and Risk Factor Management.

Amy Guzik, Cheryl Bushnell

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |February 4, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Effective stroke prevention requires managing modifiable risk factors like hypertension and hyperlipidemia. This review details current recommendations for secondary stroke prevention strategies, including medications and lifestyle changes.

    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular Medicine
    • Neurology
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Stroke mortality and incidence are declining in the US, attributed to increased use of preventive medications like statins and antihypertensives.
    • Despite progress, many strokes remain preventable, highlighting the importance of addressing modifiable risk factors.
    • Key modifiable risk factors include hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking, hyperlipidemia, obesity, poor diet, and physical inactivity.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current recommendations for managing modifiable stroke risk factors.
    • To incorporate evidence from guidelines and published studies on secondary stroke prevention.
    • To provide practical examples of risk factor management through an illustrative case study.

    Main Methods:

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  • Review of current guidelines and published scientific literature on stroke prevention.
  • Analysis of evidence supporting the use of antiplatelet therapy for secondary stroke prevention.
  • Discussion of emerging risk factors and their management.

    • Main Results:

    • Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking, and hyperlipidemia are major modifiable stroke risk factors.
    • Certain blood pressure medications may increase stroke risk due to blood pressure variability.
    • Antiplatelet therapy is a cornerstone of secondary stroke prevention, with recent evidence supporting its use.

    Conclusions:

    • Secondary stroke prevention is achieved through a multifactorial approach targeting modifiable risk factors.
    • Management strategies include medications, lifestyle modifications, and addressing emerging risk factors.
    • Continuous evaluation and adaptation of prevention strategies are crucial for reducing stroke burden.