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Energy expenditure in caving.

Giorgia Antoni1,2, Elisabetta Marini3, Nicoletta Curreli2

  • 1Gruppo Speleo Archeologico Giovanni Spano, Cagliari, Italy.

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Cavers expend significant energy (225-287 kcal/h) during explorations, with inadequate caloric intake. Experienced cavers and men expend less energy than novices and women, respectively, impacting hydration and fatigue.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Science
  • Environmental Physiology
  • Human Performance

Background:

  • Caving involves prolonged physical exertion in unique environments.
  • Understanding energy expenditure and physiological responses is crucial for caver safety and performance.
  • Nutritional and hydration status are key factors influencing endurance activities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the total energy expenditure (TEE) of cavers during a 10-hour subterranean exploration.
  • To assess the impact of caving on body composition and hydration status.
  • To analyze nutritional habits and their adequacy in relation to energy demands.

Main Methods:

  • Portable metabolimeters were used to measure TEE during caving.
  • Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) assessed body composition and hydration.
  • Nutritional habits were surveyed through questionnaires.
  • Bayesian statistical analysis identified predictors of TEE.

Main Results:

  • TEE ranged from 225-287 kcal/h (MET = 4.1), with energy intake (1000-1200 kcal) being insufficient.
  • Experienced cavers showed 5% lower TEE than less experienced ones.
  • Women exhibited higher energy expenditure than men for similar tasks.
  • While overall hydration remained normal, men showed reduced extracellular water, indicating potential hypo-osmolal dehydration risk.

Conclusions:

  • Caving demands substantial energy, necessitating optimized nutrition and hydration strategies.
  • Training programs should consider gender and experience differences in energy expenditure.
  • Awareness of potential dehydration risks, especially in men, is vital for prolonged caving.
  • Findings can inform safety protocols and reduce fatigue-related accidents in caves.