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Stomatal cell wall composition: distinctive structural patterns associated with different phylogenetic groups.

Ilana Shtein1, Yaniv Shelef2, Ziv Marom2

  • 1The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.

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|February 4, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant stomatal cell walls show diverse cellulose crystallinity patterns across ferns and angiosperms. These variations in cell wall composition may influence stomatal biomechanics and adaptation during plant evolution.

Keywords:
Stomataangiospermsbiomechanicscell wallcellulose crystallinityfernsgrassesguard cellslignin

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Evolutionary botany
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Stomatal morphology and function are largely conserved over 400 million years of plant evolution.
  • Plant cell wall composition has undergone significant evolutionary changes.
  • Investigating stomatal cell wall composition across plant groups can reveal insights into stomatal function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate stomatal cell wall composition in different vascular plant groups.
  • To understand the potential effects of cell wall composition on stomatal function.
  • To explore evolutionary patterns in stomatal cell wall structure.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized digitalized polar microscopy, confocal microscopy, and histology.
  • Employed numerical finite-elements simulation for biomechanical analysis.
  • Studied six vascular plant species: ferns (Asplenium nidus, Platycerium bifurcatum) and angiosperms (Arabidopsis thaliana, Commelina erecta, Sorghum bicolor, Triticum aestivum).

Main Results:

  • Observed three distinct patterns of cellulose crystallinity in stomatal cell walls (Type I, II, III) across ferns and angiosperms.
  • Identified taxon-specific patterns in cellulose crystallinity, pectins, lignin, and phenolics.
  • Numerical modeling indicated highest stress in the end walls of kidney-shaped stomata during opening.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated distinct spatial patterns of cellulose crystallinity in guard cell walls.
  • Observed replacement of lignin by crystalline cellulose in angiosperm stomatal end walls, suggesting functional substitution.
  • Taxon-specific cell wall patterns may indicate different biomechanical functions and evolutionary adaptations to environmental selection.