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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

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Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
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Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

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The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

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Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
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Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

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Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
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Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

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Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
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Related Experiment Video

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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria

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Other Community Respiratory Viruses.

Richard G Wunderink1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 676 North Saint Clair Street, Arkes 14-015, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

Clinics in Chest Medicine
|February 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Polymerase chain reaction diagnostic panels can identify many respiratory viruses, but specific treatments are often unavailable. Clinical evaluation is crucial for managing patients with positive viral diagnostic results.

Keywords:
Acute respiratory distress syndromeAdenovirusCidofovirCoronavirusHuman metapneumovirusPneumoniaRespiratory viral panelRibavirin

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical microbiology
  • Infectious diseases
  • Respiratory medicine

Background:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnostics are standard for respiratory infections.
  • Expanded respiratory viral panels (RVPs) increase the identification of diverse viral pathogens.
  • Many identified viral infections lack specific antiviral treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the clinical significance of expanded respiratory viral panels (RVPs).
  • To emphasize the need for careful clinical evaluation in light of limited treatment options.
  • To discuss potential therapeutic strategies for severe viral pneumonia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current diagnostic capabilities using PCR-based RVPs.
  • Analysis of treatment options for various viral respiratory infections.
  • Clinical case evaluation principles for positive RVP results.

Main Results:

  • RVPs can detect a wide range of respiratory viruses beyond influenza and RSV.
  • Specific antiviral therapies are not available for many detected viral infections.
  • Generic treatments like IVIG, ribavirin, and interferons may benefit select cases.
  • Cidofovir shows activity against severe adenoviral pneumonia.

Conclusions:

  • Positive RVP results necessitate thorough clinical assessment due to limited targeted therapies.
  • Management strategies should consider the specific virus identified and patient severity.
  • Supportive and selected generic treatments play a role in managing severe viral pneumonia.