Predictive factors for resorption of teeth adjacent to impacted maxillary canines

The aim of this study was to assess the link between the degree of resorption of teeth adjacent to an impacted maxillary canine and the situation of the latter so as to identify factors predictive of resorption.

This was a retrospective study concerning all patients with impacted maxillary canines who consulted the orthodontics department at the Center for dental care, teaching and research (CSERD) in Montpellier between 2010 and 2015, with a full radiological file including panorex, periapical long-cone and cone-beam images. In all, 25 patients with 31 impacted maxillary canines were analyzed. Measurements were made by a single operator using 2D images and 3D analysis; they concerned the quantitative and qualitative aspects of resorption of teeth adjacent to the impacted canines and also evaluation of the position of the maxillary canine and its follicular sac. The X² test was used to compare percentage resorption in men and women. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to compare the average degree of resorption of the adjacent teeth depending on the sagittal or vertical position of the impacted maxillary canine. Covariance analysis (ANCOVA) was used to study the average degree of resorption taking jointly into account the sagittal, vertical and transverse positions and adjusting for age and sex. Calculations were performed with a significance threshold of 5% using MyStat^® software.

Women made up 60.6% of the study population, with no significant age differences between the two sexes (21±5 years). The risk of adjacent resorption was not linked to age but was significantly greater (P-value=0.03) for women (60%) than for men (23%). The average degree of resorption is explained jointly by sagittal position (P-value=0.0001) and transverse position (P-value=0.01), after adjustment for age and sex. On the other hand, the average degree of resorption was not linked to vertical position, nor to the shape or size of the follicular sac.

This study leads to the conclusion that the risk of resorption of the lateral incisor is not linked to the buccal or palatal situation of the canine. The risk is greater when the canine is vertically above the lateral incisor root and close to the median palatine suture, suggesting a mechanical blockage by the apex of the lateral incisor.