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Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Surgical Retrieval, Isolation and In vitro Expansion of Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament-derived Cells for Tissue Engineering Applications
Published on: April 30, 2014
Editorial Commentary: In 2016 Divergence Goes Beyond the United States 2-Party System: Interference Screw Divergence
Abstract:
As a result of emerging technology and techniques developed for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, it is important to evaluate all aspects of the new procedures. One of these hot topics is retrograde drilling, which leads to inside-out ACL interference screw divergence from ACL sockets created from outside-in. In this paper, the authors look at screw divergence in the femoral tunnel for bone-patella-bone reconstructions performed with an outside-in retrograde drill. The screws are inserted through a separate accessory anterior medial portal, and therefore there is concern on whether or not there is significant divergence compromising their fixation. This study supports the use of this technique with clinically acceptable divergence.
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