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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
Symptoms and Behavioral Manifestations
A spectrum of distressing symptoms characterizes PTSD. Recurrent flashbacks, where individuals involuntarily relive traumatic events,...
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Dysrhythmias I: Introduction01:15

Dysrhythmias I: Introduction

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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
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Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

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Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
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Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

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Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
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Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

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Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
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Dysrhythmias VII: Nursing Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VII: Nursing Management of Dysrhythmias

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Nursing management of dysrhythmias involves the following:AssessmentSubjective Assessment:The initial step involves gathering patient-reported symptoms such as dizziness, palpitations, and chest discomfort. It is crucial to collect a detailed history, including previous heart conditions, current medication use, and lifestyle factors like caffeine and alcohol consumption.Objective Assessment:This involves observing clinical signs such as jugular venous distention, cool and pale skin, and...
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Related Experiment Video

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Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder
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Rhythms dysregulation: A new perspective for understanding PTSD?

Jacques Dayan1, Géraldine Rauchs2, Bérengère Guillery-Girard2

  • 1Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, 14000 Caen, France; CHGR Rennes-I, Pôle Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent, Rennes, France.

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Summary

Biological rhythm disruptions, including cortisol, sleep, and brain activity, are linked to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and cognitive impairments. Understanding these rhythms may explain PTSD

Keywords:
AmygdalaBrain synchronyCognitionCortisolEpinephrinePTSDSalivary amylaseSleep disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Sleep Medicine

Background:

  • Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) involves complex physiological, emotional, and cognitive changes.
  • Brain and hormonal alterations in PTSD impact learning, memory, and emotion regulation.
  • Biological dysfunctions in PTSD can manifest as disruptions in endocrine rhythmicity, sleep, and brain activity synchrony.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of biological rhythm dysregulation in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
  • To explore abnormalities in endocrine rhythms, sleep patterns, and brain activity synchrony in PTSD patients.
  • To elucidate how these rhythm disturbances contribute to PTSD heterogeneity and associated medical conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies on endocrine rhythmicity, focusing on cortisol and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity.
  • Analysis of research on sleep disturbances, including REM sleep and paradoxical insomnia.
  • Examination of electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data on brain activity synchrony and functional connectivity.

Main Results:

  • Abnormalities in cortisol diurnal secretion (flattening) and SNS hyperactivation are frequently observed in PTSD.
  • Sleep disturbances, particularly abnormal REM sleep and paradoxical insomnia, are core features and may exacerbate PTSD symptoms and cognitive deficits.
  • Abnormalities in alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands, along with altered functional connectivity, are linked to attention, memory, and intrusive memories in PTSD.

Conclusions:

  • Disrupted biological rhythms, encompassing endocrine, sleep, and neural synchrony, are integral to understanding the pathophysiology and heterogeneity of PTSD.
  • These rhythm dysregulations offer explanations for cognitive impairments, such as memory consolidation and attention deficits, seen in PTSD.
  • Further knowledge of biological rhythms can illuminate the links between PTSD and other common medical disorders.