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Related Concept Videos

Thermosensation01:43

Thermosensation

Peripheral thermosensation is the perception of external temperature. A change in temperature (on the surface of the skin and other tissues) is detected by a family of temperature-sensitive ion channels called Transient Receptor Potential, or TRP, receptors. These receptors are located on free nerve endings. Those detecting cold temperatures are closer to the surface of the skin than the nerve endings detecting warmth. These thermoTRP channels, while temperature selective, have relatively...
Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature01:13

Equipments Used to Measure Body Temperature

Body temperature can be assessed using various devices and measured in Celsius or Fahrenheit.
Glass-bulb Thermometer:
Glass-bulb thermometers are hollow glass tubes with a bulb tip containing liquid such as ethanol or mercury. Historically, glass bulb mercury thermometers were the standard device to measure body temperature. Today, mercury thermometers are prohibited in many countries due to the hazardous effects of mercury and the risk of exposure if the glass bulb breaks. In general,...
Temperature Measurement Sites01:14

Temperature Measurement Sites

A thermometer measures body temperature. The common sites for measuring body temperature are the oral cavity, axillary region, temporal artery, and skin surface, such as the forehead, abdomen, and axilla. True core body temperature is assessed in the rectum, tympanic membrane, pulmonary artery, esophagus, and urinary bladder.
Oral: When assessing oral temperature, the thermometer tip should be placed under the tongue in the posterior sublingual pocket. It offers accurate readings and can be...
Thermometers and Temperature Scales01:22

Thermometers and Temperature Scales

Any physical property that depends consistently and reproducibly on temperature can be used as the basis of a thermometer. For example, volume increases with temperature for most substances. This property is the basis for the common alcohol thermometer and the original mercury thermometers. Other properties used to measure temperature include electrical resistance, color, and the emission of infrared radiation.
As many physical properties depend on temperature, the variety of thermometers is...
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at the...

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Related Experiment Video

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Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors
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Temperature and pH sensors based on graphenic materials.

P Salvo1, N Calisi2, B Melai2

  • 1Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Council of Research (IFC-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.

Biosensors & Bioelectronics
|February 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study developed wearable temperature and pH sensors using graphene oxide for real-time patient monitoring. These biocompatible sensors show promising accuracy and durability for improved healthcare applications.

Keywords:
Flexible sensorGrapheneTemperaturepH

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Continuous patient monitoring outside clinical settings requires advanced, wearable sensors.
  • Disposable and durable sensors are crucial for improved therapies and patient quality of life.
  • Graphene-based materials offer unique properties for developing novel biosensors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate and evaluate the performance of wearable temperature and pH sensors for healthcare applications.
  • To assess the accuracy, sensitivity, and durability of the developed sensors.
  • To confirm the biocompatibility of the sensors for biological use.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of temperature sensors using reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and pH sensors using graphene oxide (GO) on a biocompatible board.
  • Testing sensor performance in human serum samples across relevant temperature (25-43°C) and pH (4-10) ranges.
  • Evaluating sensor accuracy against reference instruments and assessing long-term stability (one week) and in vitro cytotoxicity with human fibroblast cells (MRC-5).

Main Results:

  • The rGO temperature sensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 110±10Ω/°C with an error of 0.4±0.1°C.
  • The GO pH sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 40±4mV/pH and a maximum deviation of 0.2pH units over one week.
  • In vitro cytotoxicity tests confirmed the sensors' biocompatibility with MRC-5 cells over 24 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Wearable graphene-based temperature and pH sensors have been successfully fabricated and demonstrated.
  • The sensors exhibit high sensitivity, accuracy, and stability, suitable for real-time patient monitoring.
  • These biocompatible sensors hold significant potential for point-of-care diagnostics and personalized healthcare.