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Silk-based anisotropical 3D biotextiles for bone regeneration.

Viviana P Ribeiro1, Joana Silva-Correia1, Ana I Nascimento1

  • 13B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Universidade do Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark - Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco/Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associated Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.

Biomaterials
|February 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Novel silk fibroin and polyethylene terephthalate (SF-PET) textile scaffolds promote bone regeneration. These 3D biotextiles enhance cell growth, vascularization, and tissue ingrowth for craniofacial applications.

Keywords:
BiotextileCraniofacial bone tissue engineeringHuman adipose-derived stem cellsKnitted spacer fabricsSilk fibroinTextile

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Conventional craniofacial bone loss treatments have limitations.
  • Novel three-dimensional (3D) biotextile architectures offer a promising alternative.
  • Silk fibroin (SF) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) are key materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate novel 3D SF-PET biotextile scaffolds for flat bone regeneration.
  • To compare SF-PET scaffolds with PET-only scaffolds.
  • To assess the osteogenic and angiogenic potential of the scaffolds.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of 3D SF-PET weft-knitted scaffolds.
  • Micro-computed tomography for structural analysis.
  • Mechanical testing, cell culture (hASCs), and chick chorioallantoic membrane assay.
  • In vivo subcutaneous implantation in mice.

Main Results:

  • SF-PET scaffolds exhibited high porosity and homogeneous pore distribution.
  • SF-PET scaffolds showed superior mechanical properties and osteogenic differentiation of hASCs.
  • Enhanced angiogenic response and tissue ingrowth were observed with SF-PET scaffolds.

Conclusions:

  • 3D SF-PET textile scaffolds are a viable solution for craniofacial bone regeneration.
  • The structural and biological properties support their use in tissue engineering.
  • This automated processing route is suitable for industrialization.