[Relation between ultrasonographic characteristics of pathologic myopia posterior staphyloma and retinoschisis]

Objective: To study the ultrasonographic characteristics of pathologic myopia posterior staphyloma and the relation with retinoschisis. Methods: Retrospective case series study. Eighty-seven eyes of 66 pathologic myopia patients with posterior staphyloma were included. Staphyloma morphology and anteroposterior axis of the eyeball were observed by B-scan ultrasonography. Optical coherence tomography was used to explore the retinoschisis. Results: Arc-shaped (10.35%), cone-shaped (22.99%), wedge-shaped (33.33%) and rectangle-shaped (33.33%) posterior staphylomas were found by B-scan ultrasonography. Posterior pole or macular retinoschisis was found by optical coherence tomography in 65 eyes (74.71%), 56 of which (86.15%) were observed to have a rough posterior ocular wall or membranoid attachment by ultrasonography. The anteroposterior axis of arc-shaped posterior staphyloma was shorter than that of staphylomas in the other shapes. Posterior staphyloma morphology was related to retinoschisis(r=0.385, 0.406. P<0.01). The retinoschisis was at the macula in 80.00% of cone-shaped posterior staphyloma, at the wedge-shaped corner in 75.00% of wedge-shaped posterior staphyloma and at the rectangle-shaped corner in 62.50% of rectangle-shaped posterior staphyloma. Conclusions: It is hard to discover retinoschisis of pathologic myopia posterior staphyloma by ophthalmoscopy. Morphologic characters of posterior staphyloma and conditions of posterior eyewall can be showed directly under ultrasonographic examination. B-scan ultrasonography may provide a diagnostic basis for pathologic myopia retinoschisis. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 46-52).