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The Brain Basis for Misophonia.

Sukhbinder Kumar1, Olana Tansley-Hancock2, William Sedley2

  • 1Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.

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|February 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Misophonia causes intense negative emotions from specific sounds due to abnormal brain activity in the anterior insular cortex (AIC). This disorder involves altered brain connectivity and heightened physiological responses, impacting emotional processing.

Keywords:
affective disordersautonomic responsefMRIfunctional connectivityinteroceptionmisophonia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Misophonia is an affective sound-processing disorder causing distress from everyday sounds.
  • The underlying neural mechanisms of misophonia remain largely unknown.
  • Trigger sounds lead to significant emotional and physiological distress for sufferers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the brain and body mechanisms underlying misophonia.
  • To identify specific neural correlates of trigger sound responses in misophonic individuals.
  • To explore the relationship between brain activity, connectivity, and physiological responses.

Main Methods:

  • Functional MRI (fMRI) and structural MRI were used to examine brain activity and structure.
  • Physiological measurements, including heart rate (HR) and galvanic skin response (GSR), were recorded.
  • Questionnaire analysis assessed interoceptive sensibility and body perception.

Main Results:

  • Trigger sounds elicited exaggerated blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) responses in the anterior insular cortex (AIC) in misophonic subjects.
  • Abnormal functional connectivity was observed between AIC and emotion-regulating brain regions (vmPFC, PMC, hippocampus, amygdala).
  • Misophonic individuals exhibited heightened HR and GSR, mediated by AIC activity, and reported altered interoceptive sensibility.

Conclusions:

  • Misophonia is characterized by abnormal salience attributed to specific sounds.
  • Altered activation and functional connectivity of the AIC are central to misophonia's pathophysiology.
  • The findings highlight the role of the salience network in this disorder.