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Experimental animal modelling for TB vaccine development.

Pere-Joan Cardona1, Ann Williams2

  • 1Unitat de Tuberculosi Experimental, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERES, Fundació Institut Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia.

International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases
|February 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Developing new tuberculosis vaccines is crucial as the current BCG vaccine shows variable efficacy. Researchers are evaluating animal models and in silico/ex vivo methods to find better prevention strategies.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium tuberculosisgoatguinea pigmousepigrabbitratvaccines

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) prevention urgently requires novel vaccines beyond the current Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine.
  • BCG vaccine exhibits heterogeneous efficacy in humans, highlighting the need for improved TB vaccine candidates.
  • Evaluating new vaccine potency typically relies on reducing bacillary load in animal lungs during acute infection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the limitations of current animal models for simulating human tuberculosis.
  • To emphasize the importance of using multiple models for robust efficacy testing of new TB vaccines.
  • To explore the potential of in silico and ex vivo models to refine and reduce animal testing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of characteristics of various laboratory animals used in tuberculosis research.
  • Analysis of bacillary load reduction in lungs as a primary efficacy indicator in animal models.
  • Consideration of in silico (computational) and ex vivo (outside the body) experimental approaches.

Main Results:

  • Current animal models do not fully replicate the complexities of human tuberculosis.
  • New vaccine candidates often show efficacy similar to BCG, with limited cases of significant improvement.
  • No vaccine candidates have yet demonstrated the ability to prevent infection establishment.

Conclusions:

  • Testing novel TB vaccine candidates in multiple animal models is essential to generate evidence of superior efficacy compared to BCG.
  • Investigating in silico and ex vivo models can enhance understanding of experimental data.
  • Adopting in silico and ex vivo methods may help replace, reduce, and refine animal experimentation in TB vaccine research.