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Area of Science:

  • * Gravitational-wave physics and astrophysics.
  • * Fundamental physics and cosmology.

Background:

  • * Current gravitational-wave detectors are limited to higher frequencies.
  • * Space-based detectors offer access to the low-frequency (∼ 10-5 - 1 Hz) gravitational-wave spectrum.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To review the tests of general relativity achievable with low-frequency space-based gravitational-wave detectors.
  • * To highlight the astrophysical and cosmological science enabled by this frequency band.

Main Methods:

  • * Review of theoretical predictions for gravitational phenomena in the low-frequency band.
  • * Analysis of the capabilities of proposed space-based gravitational-wave observatories.

Main Results:

  • * Identification of key tests of general relativity, including metric deviations, polarization states, and gravitational wave velocity.
  • * Characterization of binary system dynamics, mergers, and black hole properties accessible through low-frequency gravitational waves.

Conclusions:

  • * Space-based detectors are essential for advancing gravitational physics and astrophysics.
  • * The scientific potential of the low-frequency gravitational-wave band strongly supports the development of such observatories.