Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

IL-17A, IL-17RA, and IL-22 as biomarkers in migraine: associations with disease activity and clinical features.

Irish journal of medical science·2026

Same author

Key predictors of carpal tunnel syndrome: insights from a large electrophysiologically confirmed cohort.

Internal medicine journal·2026

Same author

Smoking and cluster headache: clinical, gender, and treatment insights from a cross-sectional cluster analysis.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2026

Same author

Physiotherapy Rehabilitation Strategies as an Adjunct to Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in a Patient with Diving-related Spinal Cord Decompression Sickness: A Case Report.

Acta neurologica Taiwanica·2025

Same author

Neurological involvement in IgG4-related disease: focus on neuro-ophthalmologic features.

Journal of neurology·2025

Same author

Relationship Between Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, Serum Endocan and Hyaluronic Acid Levels in Multiple Sclerosis.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

Pupillary Involvement in Miller Fisher Syndrome.

Bahar Kaymakamzade¹, Ferda Selcuk¹, Aydan Koysuren²

¹Department of Neurology, Dr. Burhan Nalbantoglu State Hospital, Nicosia Northern Cyprus Cyprus.

Neuro-Ophthalmology (Aeolus Press)

|February 7, 2017

Summary

Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) can present with tonic pupils. Raised anti-GQ1b antibody levels aid in diagnosing these atypical MFS cases.

Keywords:

Internal ophthalmoplegia Miller Fisher syndrome mydriasis pupil

More Related Videos

Eye Removal in Living Zebrafish Larvae to Examine Innervation-dependent Growth and Development of the Visual System

Eye Removal in Living Zebrafish Larvae to Examine Innervation-dependent Growth and Development of the Visual System

Published on: February 11, 2022

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation

Published on: November 26, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 8, 2026

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Multifocal Electroretinograms

Published on: December 4, 2011

Eye Removal in Living Zebrafish Larvae to Examine Innervation-dependent Growth and Development of the Visual System

Eye Removal in Living Zebrafish Larvae to Examine Innervation-dependent Growth and Development of the Visual System

Published on: February 11, 2022

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation

Assessing Pupil-linked Changes in Locus Coeruleus-mediated Arousal Elicited by Trigeminal Stimulation

Published on: November 26, 2019

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology

Background:

Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS) is typically defined by ophthalmoplegia, ataxia, and areflexia.
Atypical MFS presentations include ophthalmoparesis without the full classical triad.

Observation:

This report details two MFS patients exhibiting tonic pupils.
Both patients presented with elevated anti-GQ1b antibody titers.

Findings:

Bilateral dilated pupils, including tonic or fixed pupils, are a potential MFS manifestation.
Anti-GQ1b immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies are valuable diagnostic markers for unexplained MFS cases.
The ciliary ganglion or short ciliary nerves are hypothesized sites of involvement.

Implications:

Recognizing tonic pupils expands the diagnostic spectrum of MFS.
Anti-GQ1b IgG testing can confirm MFS in patients with atypical neurological signs.
Understanding the specific nerve involvement aids in targeted treatment strategies.