Arboviruses and the eye.

Area of Science:

• * Virology and infectious diseases, focusing on arboviruses.
• * Ophthalmology and clinical research on viral pathogenesis.
• * Public health and emerging infectious disease surveillance.

Background:

• * Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted by mosquitoes and ticks, causing diverse human illnesses.
• * Dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses are significant emerging arboviruses with no available vaccines or treatments.
• * Ocular complications associated with these arboviruses are increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To review the current knowledge on the pathogenesis of dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses.
• * To summarize systemic and ocular manifestations, with a focus on retinal findings.
• * To highlight the growing clinical significance of arboviral eye diseases.

Main Methods:

• * Comprehensive literature review of scientific articles and clinical studies.
• * Analysis of research on arbovirus pathogenesis and disease progression.
• * Synthesis of data on systemic and ocular findings, particularly retinal manifestations.

Main Results:

• * Dengue, chikungunya, and zika viruses exhibit distinct pathogenic mechanisms leading to systemic illness.
• * Ocular manifestations are common, ranging from mild to severe, impacting various eye structures.
• * Retinal involvement, including vasculitis and hemorrhage, is a significant finding in these infections.

Conclusions:

• * Understanding arbovirus pathogenesis is crucial for managing systemic and ocular diseases.
• * Ocular complications, especially retinal issues, require increased clinical attention.
• * Further research is needed for effective treatments and preventative strategies against arboviral infections.