Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Preparedness and Phobias01:09

Preparedness and Phobias

415
Human fear responses to certain stimuli, such as darkness, heights, deep water, and blood, can often arise despite the absence of direct negative experiences. This phenomenon is rooted in evolutionary psychology, which posits that humans have developed a predisposition to fear stimuli that historically posed significant survival threats. This predisposition, known as preparedness, suggests that early humans who developed a fear of potentially dangerous entities, such as venomous snakes and...
415
Conservation of Small Populations02:04

Conservation of Small Populations

17.6K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
17.6K
Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness01:14

Avoidance Learning and Learned Helplessness

2.9K
Avoidance learning and learned helplessness are critical concepts in understanding behavioral responses to negative stimuli.
Avoidance learning occurs when an organism learns that a specific behavior can prevent an unpleasant outcome. For example, a student who receives a bad grade may start studying harder to avoid future poor grades. This behavior persists even when the negative outcome is no longer present. Avoidance learning is powerful because it maintains behavior in the absence of the...
2.9K
Protecting Self-Esteem01:27

Protecting Self-Esteem

251
Self-esteem, a central component of psychological well-being, is actively maintained through various cognitive and behavioral strategies. Individuals employ specific mechanisms to preserve a positive self-concept and mitigate threats to their self-worth, particularly in contexts involving social evaluation or personal feedback. Four primary techniques are commonly used to sustain self-esteem.Manipulating AppraisalsOne prominent strategy involves manipulating appraisals from others. Individuals...
251
Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

761
Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
761
Obedience01:08

Obedience

35.7K
According to obedience research, we may harm others under the forceful pressures of an authority figure (Milgram, 1974). How about if the inappropriate orders were delivered with less force? The increasing interdependence between nurses and physicians compelled Hofling and his colleagues to explore nurses’ reactions to a potentially harmful medical request made by the perceived authority figure, the doctor (Hofling, Brotzman, Dalrymple, Graves, & Pierce, 1966). In this situation,...
35.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PTEN mutations impair CSF dynamics and cortical networks by dysregulating periventricular neural progenitors.

Nature neuroscience·2025
Same author

Pathogenic variants in autism gene <i>KATNAL2</i> cause hydrocephalus and disrupt neuronal connectivity by impairing ciliary microtubule dynamics.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

Kit Ligand and Kit receptor tyrosine kinase sustain synaptic inhibition of Purkinje cells.

eLife·2024
Same author

Single-cell analysis of the nervous system at small and large scales with instant partitions.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2023
Same author

mTORC2 Inhibition Improves Morphological Effects of PTEN Loss, But Does Not Correct Synaptic Dysfunction or Prevent Seizures.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2022
Same author

PTEN Regulates Dendritic Arborization by Decreasing Microtubule Polymerization Rate.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2022
Same journal

SqueakPose Studio, an end-to-end platform for pose estimation and real-time edge-AI deployment.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Mechanistic insights into transcriptional regulation of ARHGAP36 expression identify a factor predictive of neuroblastoma survival.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Activity-dependent CO<sub>2</sub> production in the axon triggers opening of Connexin32 in the Schwann cell paranode.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Lipid packing contributes to the confinement of caveolae to the plasma membrane.

eLife·2026
Same journal

A coma pattern-based autofocusing method resolves bacterial cold shock response at single-cell level.

eLife·2026
Same journal

Non-canonical amino acid incorporation enables minimally disruptive labeling of stress granule and TDP-43 proteinopathy.

eLife·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Neural Correlates of Defensive Behaviors in Fear Learning and Extinction
04:03

Author Spotlight: Exploring Neural Correlates of Defensive Behaviors in Fear Learning and Extinction

Published on: December 15, 2023

1.4K

Can fearlessness come in a tiny package?

Bryan W Luikart1

  • 1Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States.

Elife
|February 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNA-153, a small molecule, was found to prevent rats from associating new environments with fear. This discovery offers insights into fear conditioning and memory in mammals.

Keywords:
cell biologyhippocampuslearningmemorymiRNAnegative feed back loopneuroscienceratsynaptic plasticity

More Related Videos

Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice
04:14

Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice

Published on: November 22, 2024

1.3K
A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior
09:26

A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

Published on: January 5, 2021

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Author Spotlight: Exploring Neural Correlates of Defensive Behaviors in Fear Learning and Extinction
04:03

Author Spotlight: Exploring Neural Correlates of Defensive Behaviors in Fear Learning and Extinction

Published on: December 15, 2023

1.4K
Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice
04:14

Observational Fear as a Model of Affective Empathy in Mice

Published on: November 22, 2024

1.3K
A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior
09:26

A Novel Pavlovian Fear Conditioning Paradigm to Study Freezing and Flight Behavior

Published on: January 5, 2021

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Fear conditioning is a fundamental learning process involving the association of neutral stimuli with aversive events.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and play roles in various biological processes, including neural function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of microRNA-153 (miR-153) in regulating fear memory formation in rats.
  • To determine if manipulating miR-153 levels affects the association of new environments with fear.

Main Methods:

  • Rats were administered miR-153 inhibitors or mimics.
  • Fear conditioning paradigms were used, involving the association of a novel environment with a mild foot shock.
  • Behavioral tests assessed freezing behavior as an indicator of fear memory.

Main Results:

  • Inhibition of miR-153 enhanced the association of new environments with fear, leading to increased freezing behavior.
  • Restoration of miR-153 levels reversed this effect, reducing fear memory.
  • These findings suggest miR-153 acts as a negative regulator of fear conditioning.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNA-153 plays a crucial role in preventing the formation of fear associations with novel environments.
  • Targeting miR-153 may offer potential therapeutic strategies for anxiety disorders characterized by excessive fear.
  • This study highlights the importance of miRNAs in modulating complex behaviors like fear learning.