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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

3.9K
The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
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Spindle Assembly02:50

Spindle Assembly

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Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

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At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
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The Mitotic Spindle02:27

The Mitotic Spindle

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The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures...
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Attachment of Sister Chromatids02:57

Attachment of Sister Chromatids

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As cells progress into mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and the condensed chromosomes are exposed to the array of bipolar microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The kinetochore, a large, disc-shaped protein complex, is present at the centromere region of the sister chromatids and acts as a binding site for the microtubules.  Usually, the plus-end of a single microtubule is embedded within the kinetochore. However, some kinetochores first establish lateral contact with the side-wall...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

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Metaphase Spindle Assembly.

Tarun M Kapoor1

  • 1Laboratory of Chemistry and Cell Biology, the Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. kapoor@mail.rockefeller.edu.

Biology
|February 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A bipolar spindle, crucial for cell division, ensures accurate chromosome segregation. This review details the molecular assembly of this dynamic structure in animal cells.

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Accurate chromosome segregation is vital for cell division fidelity.
  • Microtubule-based bipolar spindles are essential for this process in animal cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms governing bipolar spindle assembly.
  • To elucidate the dynamic nature of the spindle structure.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of dynamic micrometer-scale structure assembly.

Main Results:

  • Detailed discussion of molecular components and their interactions.
  • Explanation of the dynamic assembly process.
Keywords:
cell divisionchromosomedyneinkinesinmetaphasemicrotubulesmitosis

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Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast
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Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
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Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
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Conclusions:

  • Spindle assembly involves complex molecular regulation.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to cell division research.