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Chlorhexidine-impregnated transparent dressings decrease catheter-related infections in hemodialysis patients: a

Ibironke W Apata¹, John Hanfelt², James L Bailey¹

¹Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia - USA.

The Journal of Vascular Access

|February 7, 2017

Summary

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Replacing gauze with chlorhexidine-impregnated transparent (CHG-transparent) dressings significantly reduced catheter-related infection (CRI) rates in hemodialysis patients with central venous catheters (CVCs). This quality improvement project highlights CHG-transparent dressings as a key intervention for improving patient safety.

Area of Science:

Nephrology
Infectious Diseases
Quality Improvement

Background:

Central venous catheters (CVCs) used for hemodialysis are linked to higher infection risks compared to other vascular access methods.
Chlorhexidine-impregnated transparent (CHG-transparent) dressings offer continuous antimicrobial action and site visibility, potentially reducing infections.
Catheter-related infections (CRIs) pose significant risks, including increased morbidity and mortality in hemodialysis patients.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the impact of switching from adhesive dry gauze to CHG-transparent dressings on CRI rates in hemodialysis patients with tunneled CVCs.
To compare the effectiveness of CHG-transparent dressings versus traditional gauze dressings in a real-world clinical setting.

Main Methods:

A two-phase quality improvement project was implemented across three hemodialysis units.

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Phase 1: CHG-transparent dressings were introduced at one unit (EDC), while two units (EDG, EDN) continued with gauze.

Phase 2: CHG-transparent dressings were adopted by the remaining two units (EDG, EDN), with EDC continuing CHG-transparent use. CRI rates were compared pre- and post-intervention.

Main Results:

In Phase 1, the intervention unit (EDC) saw a 52% decrease in CRI rates (p<0.05). Control units showed no significant change.
In Phase 2, intervention units (EDG, EDN) experienced significant CRI rate reductions of 86% (p<0.05) and 53% (p<0.05), respectively.
The control unit (EDC) in Phase 2 showed a non-significant 20% decrease in CRI rates (p=0.65).

Conclusions:

Transitioning to CHG-transparent dressings for tunneled CVCs in hemodialysis patients is associated with a substantial decrease in catheter-related infection rates.
CHG-transparent dressings represent an effective strategy for enhancing patient safety and reducing infectious complications in hemodialysis vascular access.