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Generation of shape complexity through tissue conflict resolution.

Alexandra B Rebocho1, Paul Southam1, J Richard Kennaway1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, England.

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|February 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant and animal development involves tissue deformations shaping 3D structures. Snapdragon flowers reveal orthogonal growth patterns, guided by polarity fields and gene activity, are crucial for generating these complex shapes.

Keywords:
Antirrhinum majusPIN1 polaritydevelopmental biologymorphogenesisorthognal cell filesout-of-plane deformationsplant biologystem cellstissue conflict resolution

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Plant Morphology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Out-of-plane tissue deformations are fundamental to generating 3D shapes in developing organisms.
  • Understanding how gene expression patterns control cellular behaviors for these deformations is crucial but not fully established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms underlying out-of-plane tissue deformations in the Snapdragon flower.
  • To elucidate the role of gene expression and cellular behavior in generating complex 3D shapes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Snapdragon flower as a model system.
  • Combined cellular analysis with tissue-level modeling.
  • Analyzed gene activity and protein localization (PIN1) to understand polarity.

Main Results:

  • Identified an orthogonal pattern of growth orientations as key to out-of-plane deformations.
  • Demonstrated that this growth pattern is likely oriented by a polarity field and modulated by gene activity.
  • Showed that orthogonal growth interacts with differential growth, creating tissue conflicts that shape the flower.

Conclusions:

  • Orthogonal growth patterns, influenced by polarity and gene activity, are critical for generating complex 3D structures in development.
  • Tissue conflict resolution, through growth or contraction, offers a flexible mechanism for diverse shape generation in plants and animals.