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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones
Published on: October 5, 2020
Utilizing anthropometric data to improve the usability of desk bikes, and influence of desk bikes on reading and
Jay Cho1, Andris Freivalds1, Liza S Rovniak2
1Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Abstract:
This study investigated the feasibility of using a desk bike in an office setting. Workstation measurements were introduced to accommodate 95% of the general U.S. population in using desk bikes. Reading and typing performances were compared at three different cycling conditions (no cycling, 10 and 25 W). Thirty healthy individuals (15 female and 15 male; Age mean: 23.1, σ: 4.19) were recruited based on 5/50/95th percentile stature. Participants were required to select preferred workstation settings and perform reading and typing tasks while pedaling. According to anthropometric measurements and variability from user preference, recommended adjustable ranges of workstation settings for the general U.S. population were derived. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that pedaling had no significant effect on reading comprehension (p > 0.05), but had significant effect on typing performance (p < 0.001). A preferred level of cycling intensity was determined (mean 17.3 W, σ: 3.69).

