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The Impact of Central Venous Catheters on Pediatric Venous Thromboembolism

Julie Jaffray1, Mary Bauman2, Patti Massicotte2

  • 1Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine , Los Angeles, CA , USA.

Frontiers in Pediatrics
|February 8, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Central venous catheter (CVC)-related venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increasing in children. More research is needed to identify specific risk factors and effective prevention strategies for pediatric CVC-VTE.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Hematology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Central venous catheter (CVC) use is rising in pediatric populations.
  • This increase is associated with a growing incidence of pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on risk factors for CVC-VTE in children.
  • To identify available prevention methods for CVC-VTE in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature review was conducted.
  • The review focused on studies investigating CVC-VTE in pediatric populations.

Main Results:

  • CVC-VTE incidence varied widely (0-74%) based on patient population, CVC type, imaging, and study design.
  • No consistent risk factors were identified for CVC type, material, insertion technique, or location.
  • High-risk pediatric groups include those with cancer, congenital heart disease, GI failure, infection, ICU admission, or trauma.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence does not consistently identify specific CVC characteristics that increase VTE risk.
  • Pediatric patients with specific comorbidities are at higher risk for CVC-VTE.
  • Large, prospective pediatric trials are necessary to determine definitive risk factors and effective prevention strategies, as adult prophylactic methods lack pediatric validation.

Keywords:
central venous catheterpediatricperipherally inserted central catheterthromboprophylaxistunneled linevenous thromboembolismvenous thrombosis

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