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[Isoflavone-containing dietary supplements].

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Isoflavones (IFs) from soy supplements lack strong evidence for menopause symptom relief. Potential side effects cannot be ruled out, especially for women with underlying health conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Phytochemistry
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Isoflavones (IFs) are plant compounds found in legumes with weak estrogenic activity.
  • They are commonly marketed as dietary supplements to alleviate menopausal symptoms.
  • Their biological activity is linked to estrogen receptor (ER) activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the occurrence, chemical structure, and market of IFs.
  • To evaluate the current scientific evidence on the efficacy and safety of IF-containing dietary supplements.
  • To assess the impact of IFs on endogenous estrogen levels.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of IF occurrence, structure, and market data.
  • Analysis of studies on IFs' influence on women's endogenous estrogen levels.
  • Review of European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) risk assessments and health claim evaluations.

Main Results:

  • Inconsistent results regarding IFs' influence on endogenous estrogen levels in women.
  • EFSA has rejected all submitted health claims for IFs due to insufficient evidence.
  • EFSA's risk assessment did not find evidence of adverse effects on mammary gland, uterus, or thyroid in healthy postmenopausal women, but a general safety statement is not possible.

Conclusions:

  • Unequivocal scientific evidence is lacking for all advertised functions of IFs.
  • Potential adverse effects cannot be fully excluded, particularly for women with undiagnosed diseases or precancerous lesions.
  • Animal model studies may not be directly comparable to human metabolism and life stages.