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Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

Imaging of postoperative shoulder instability.

M De Filippo¹, A Pesce², A Barile³

¹Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma and Parma Hospital, Via Gramsci, 14, 43100, Parma, Italy. massimo.defilippo@unipr.it.

Musculoskeletal Surgery

|February 8, 2017

Summary

Interpreting postoperative shoulder instability imaging requires understanding surgical techniques and expected anatomical changes. This review guides radiologists through imaging modalities for symptomatic postoperative shoulders.

Keywords:

Complication Radiological imaging Shoulder instability surgery

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Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

Published on: March 12, 2021

C-arm-Free Simultaneous OLIF51 and Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation in a Single Lateral Position

C-arm-Free Simultaneous OLIF51 and Percutaneous Pedicle Screw Fixation in a Single Lateral Position

Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Radiology
Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

Postoperative imaging of shoulder instability presents challenges due to postsurgical anatomical variations.
Radiologists need thorough knowledge of surgical procedures and expected anatomical changes to accurately interpret findings.

Purpose of the Study:

To review common surgical procedures for shoulder instability.
To describe the expected anatomical changes following these procedures.
To correlate these changes with findings on various radiological imaging modalities.

Main Methods:

Review of surgical techniques for shoulder instability.
Analysis of radiological imaging findings in the postoperative shoulder.
Discussion of imaging modalities including radiography, MRI, MRI arthrography, CT, and CT arthrography.

Main Results:

Detailed description of anatomical alterations after different surgical interventions.
Identification of imaging features that represent normal postoperative changes versus pathology.
Guidance on selecting appropriate imaging techniques for symptomatic postoperative shoulders.

Conclusions:

Accurate interpretation of postoperative shoulder imaging relies on understanding surgical procedures and their resultant anatomical changes.
Familiarity with various imaging modalities is crucial for evaluating symptomatic postoperative shoulders.