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Area of Science:

  • Political Science
  • Sociology
  • Technology Studies

Background:

  • The European Union's (EU) implementation of biometric travel documents (passports, visas, residence permits) was enacted via Council regulation in January 2005.
  • This decision occurred within a broader context of securitization policies promoting cross-border data sharing and system interoperability, particularly post-9/11.
  • The implementation lacked significant public consultation, highlighting a top-down executive-driven policy approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the 'biometric imaginary' surrounding the EU's decision on biometric travel documents.
  • To analyze how this imaginary shaped perceptions of mobility governance, technological necessity, and trust/distrust.
  • To explore the potential for public engagement in reframing and contesting this imaginary, drawing on John Dewey's concept of the public.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the 'biometric imaginary' associated with EU biometric travel document policy.
  • Consultation of an online blog operated by the authors in 2010 to revisit the imaginary years after implementation.
  • Application of John Dewey's theory of the public to understand public space and contestation.

Main Results:

  • The EU's biometric travel document policy was characterized by a 'biometric imaginary' driven by executive powers and securitization concerns.
  • This imaginary invoked 'phantom publics' to legitimize decisions rather than engaging in genuine public deliberation.
  • An online blog provided a space to observe and analyze the contestation and reframing of this imaginary.

Conclusions:

  • The top-down implementation of biometric travel documents highlights a gap between policy decisions and public engagement.
  • The study suggests that creating public spaces for deliberation can challenge and reshape dominant imaginaries surrounding technology and governance.
  • Understanding the interplay between politics, publics, policy, and societal development is crucial for democratic governance in the digital age.