Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.7K
Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

3.0K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
3.0K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.6K
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity01:26

Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity

3.4K
Polymerization generates chiral centers along the entire backbone of a polymer chain. Accordingly, the stereochemistry of the substituent group has a significant effect on polymer properties. Polymers formed from monosubstituted alkene monomers feature chiral carbons at every alternate position in the polymer backbone. Relative to the predominant orientation of substituents at the adjacent chiral carbons, the polymer can exist in three different configurations: isotactic, syndiotactic, and...
3.4K
Polymer Classification: Architecture01:14

Polymer Classification: Architecture

4.0K
Polymers are classified as linear or branched on the basis of their chain architecture. The polymer chains in linear polymers have a long chain-like structure with minimal to no branching at all. Even if a polymer features large substituent groups on the monomer, which appear as branches to the skeleton, it is not considered a branched polymer. A branched polymer contains secondary polymer chains that arise from the main polymer chain. The branching occurs when the polymer growth shifts from...
4.0K
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity01:21

Polymer Classification: Crystallinity

4.2K
Unlike ionic or small covalent molecules, polymers do not form crystalline solids due to the diffusion limitations of their long-chain structures. However, polymers contain microscopic crystalline domains separated by amorphous domains.
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Novel model to predict survival in DCD heart transplants: Development of a mortality risk score using UNOS data.

JHLT open·2026
Same author

Minimally Invasive Trans-atrial Mitral Valve Replacement Using a Balloon-expandable Transcatheter Valve in the Setting of Severe Mitral Annular Calcification.

Cardiovascular drugs and therapy·2026
Same author

Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes as Optical Probes.

Accounts of chemical research·2026
Same author

Risk factors when considering heart transplants with donors aged 45 or above: Development of a Novel Mortality Risk Score using UNOS data.

JHLT open·2026
Same author

Spontaneously N-Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Coatings Accelerate Electron Uptake in Shewanella Oneidensis.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026
Same author

Does Gastrointestinal Bleeding Increase the Risk of Thromboembolic Events in Patients Supported With CF-LVADs?

Artificial organs·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.5K

Understanding the Device Physics in Polymer-Based Ionic-Organic Ratchets.

Yuanyuan Hu1, Viktor Brus1,2, Wei Cao3

  • 1Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|February 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed high-performance ionic-organic ratchets using polymer semiconductors. These devices achieve high output, operate at room temperature, and are driven by AC signals up to 13.56 MHz.

Keywords:
device physicshigh performanceionic-organic ratchetsshort-circuit current

More Related Videos

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

8.9K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

23.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators
12:04

Microfluidic Preparation of Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Actuators

Published on: May 20, 2018

9.5K
Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators
14:42

Fabrication of Carbon-Based Ionic Electromechanically Active Soft Actuators

Published on: April 25, 2020

8.9K
Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction
11:17

Synthesis of Programmable Main-chain Liquid-crystalline Elastomers Using a Two-stage Thiol-acrylate Reaction

Published on: January 19, 2016

23.4K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Semiconductor Devices

Background:

  • Ionic-organic materials offer unique electronic properties.
  • Solution-processed devices enable scalable fabrication.
  • Organic ratchets are crucial for energy harvesting and signal processing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate high-performance solution-processed ionic-organic ratchets.
  • To investigate device performance under AC signal driving.
  • To clarify the impact of material properties on device output.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of ionic-organic ratchets using polymer semiconductors.
  • Characterization of device performance at room temperature.
  • Testing with AC signals across a range of frequencies (up to 13.56 MHz).
  • Analysis of the effects of trap density, mobility, and rectification ratio.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage.
  • Demonstrated functionality with AC signals up to 13.56 MHz.
  • Established clear relationships between material parameters and device performance.

Conclusions:

  • Solution-processed ionic-organic ratchets show significant potential for electronic applications.
  • Device performance is tunable via control of semiconductor properties.
  • High-frequency AC operation is feasible with these organic devices.