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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
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Evaluating nicotine dependence levels in e-cigarette users.

Alba González Roz1, Roberto Secades Villa, Sara Weidberg

  • 1Universidad de Oviedo. albagroz@cop.es.

Adicciones
|February 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users show lower nicotine dependence than tobacco cigarette smokers. This study compared nicotine addiction levels between experienced e-cigarette users and smokers.

Area of Science:

  • Addiction research
  • Tobacco harm reduction
  • Public health

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasingly popular globally.
  • Limited scientific data exists on the abuse liability and nicotine dependence associated with e-cigarette use.
  • Understanding nicotine dependence in e-cigarette users is crucial for public health policy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate nicotine dependence levels in experienced e-cigarette users.
  • To compare nicotine dependence between e-cigarette users and current tobacco cigarette smokers.
  • To assess the relationship between e-cigarette use and nicotine addiction.

Main Methods:

  • Face-to-face interviews to collect sociodemographic and dependence-related data.
  • Utilized adapted Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS).

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  • Collected biochemical markers including carbon monoxide and urinary cotinine levels.

    • Main Results:

    • E-cigarette users exhibited significantly lower scores on both the FTND and all NDSS subscales compared to tobacco cigarette smokers.
    • Biochemical markers supported the self-reported dependence findings.
    • E-cigarette users demonstrated less nicotine dependence than traditional smokers.

    Conclusions:

    • Findings suggest that experienced e-cigarette users are less nicotine-dependent than current tobacco cigarette smokers.
    • Further longitudinal research is necessary to fully understand the addictiveness potential of e-cigarettes.
    • Comparative studies are needed for users who switched from smoking versus never-smokers.