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Flow Cytometry-based Assay for the Monitoring of NK Cell Functions
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Circulating NK cells and their subsets in Behçet's disease.

M S Hasan1, P L Ryan2, L A Bergmeier1

  • 1Centre for Clinical and Diagnostic Oral Sciences, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Clinical and Experimental Immunology
|February 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Behçet's disease (BD) significantly depletes natural killer (NK) cells, particularly in active disease stages and with azathioprine treatment. This impacts immune cell function and offers insights into BD pathogenesis.

Keywords:
Behçet's diseaseNK cellsimmunopathologyimmunotherapies and innate immunity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Autoinflammatory Diseases
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic autoinflammatory disorder with complex immune system involvement.
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial innate immune cells implicated in various autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Behçet's disease activity and azathioprine therapy on peripheral blood NK cell populations and their subsets.
  • To analyze the functional potential of NK cells in BD patients compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Surface phenotyping of NK cell subsets (CD56Dim/CD56Bright) using CD27 and CD16 markers in 60 BD patients and 60 healthy controls.
  • Assessment of NK cell functional markers including IFN-γ, granzyme B, perforin, and CD107a expression.
  • Statistical analysis including multivariate linear regression to identify predictors of NK cell depletion.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral blood NK cells and their CD56Dim/CD56Bright subsets were significantly depleted in BD patients, especially those with active disease.
  • Azathioprine therapy was also associated with significant NK cell depletion.
  • CD56Dim NK cells demonstrated higher cytotoxic potential (perforin, granzyme B) and degranulation marker expression (CD107a) in BD patients compared to controls.

Conclusions:

  • Both active Behçet's disease and azathioprine treatment independently reduce peripheral blood NK cell counts.
  • NK cell dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the therapeutic implications of these findings.