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Variables affecting specialty choice in occupational therapy.

P P Wittman1, S Swinehart, R Cahill

  • 1Therapy Department, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858.

The American Journal of Occupational Therapy : Official Publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association
|September 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Occupational therapy students perceive mental health practice negatively due to academic content and fieldwork experiences. Level II fieldwork, particularly supervisor and caseload factors, significantly influences career choices.

Area of Science:

  • Occupational Therapy
  • Mental Health Practice
  • Health Professions Education

Background:

  • A significant decline in occupational therapists entering mental health practice has been observed over the last 15 years.
  • Understanding the factors influencing occupational therapy students' practice choices is crucial for addressing this trend.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reasons behind the declining interest in mental health practice among occupational therapy students.
  • To identify specific factors during academic and fieldwork experiences that influence students' career preferences.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was administered to 450 occupational therapy students who graduated in 1986, with 212 participants (47% response rate).
  • Practice preferences were assessed at five distinct stages: pre-admission, post-academics, post-Level I fieldwork, post-Level II fieldwork, and at first employment.

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Main Results:

  • Practice choices remained consistent across the five assessment points.
  • Mental health practice was perceived negatively after the academic program, influenced by content, teaching methods, and instructor effectiveness.
  • Level I fieldwork was viewed negatively across all practice areas, most acutely in mental health.
  • Level II fieldwork emerged as the most influential stage, with positive experiences related to supervisors and patient caseloads.

Conclusions:

  • Negative perceptions of mental health content and early fieldwork experiences contribute to reduced interest.
  • Positive experiences with supervisors and patient caseloads during Level II fieldwork are critical in shaping occupational therapists' practice choices.
  • Interventions targeting academic curriculum and fieldwork experiences are needed to promote mental health practice in occupational therapy.