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Monoclonal antibodies for dengue virus prM glycoprotein protect mice against lethal dengue infection

B M Kaufman1, P L Summers, D R Dubois

  • 1Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, DC.

Insights

New monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) targeting dengue virus prM glycoproteins show protective capabilities in mice. This research highlights prM-specific Mabs as a potential strategy for dengue fever prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Dengue virus (DENV) poses a significant global health threat, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are being explored for their potential in preventing and treating DENV infections.
  • The prM glycoprotein of DENV is a potential target for antibody-based interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) targeting the DENV prM glycoprotein in protecting mice against lethal DENV challenge.
  • To characterize the in vitro and in vivo properties of prM-specific Mabs, including neutralization and complement fixation.

Main Methods:

  • Generation and characterization of five murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) reactive against DENV-3 and DENV-4 prM glycoproteins.
  • In vivo passive protection assays using Mabs to protect mice against lethal homologous and heterologous DENV challenge.
  • In vitro assessment of Mab binding to DENV virions, viral neutralization activity, and complement fixation.

Main Results:

  • Four out of five prM-specific Mabs conferred cross-protection against heterologous DENV serotypes in mice.
  • One Mab demonstrated protection exclusively against the homologous DENV serotype.
  • While most Mabs bound to virions, only two exhibited detectable in vitro neutralizing activity.
  • Four of the five prM Mabs were found to fix complement.

Conclusions:

  • This study reports the first instance of prM-specific monoclonal antibodies demonstrating protective effects in a murine model of dengue virus infection.
  • prM-specific Mabs, particularly those capable of cross-protection and complement fixation, represent a promising avenue for developing dengue virus therapeutics.
  • Further research into the mechanisms of protection mediated by prM-specific Mabs is warranted.

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