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Updated: Mar 7, 2026

An Objective and Child-friendly Assessment of Arm Function by Using a 3-D Sensor
Published on: February 12, 2018
Three-dimensional motion analysis in the elbow joint position sense in children
So-Young Hong1, Chiang-Soon Song2, Ki-Hoon Hong3
1Department of Occupational Therapy, Division of Health Science, Baekseok University, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in elbow joint position sense in children. [Subjects and Methods] Nineteen healthy children volunteered as subjects for this study. Joint position sense was assessed by asking the children to flex their elbows between 30° to 110° while blindfolded. The error range of elbow movement was analyzed with Compact Measuring System 10 for three-dimensional motion. To analyze data, descriptive statistics and paired t-test analysis were performed by using IBM SPSS Statistics 20.0. [Results] A significantly lower error was found in 30° right elbow flexion than 110° right elbow flexion (p<0.05). No significant difference was found between 30° and 110° left elbow flexion. [Conclusion] These results indicate that in children, joint position sense errors decrease as joint angles approach 30° flexion.
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