Blurring nature at its boundaries. Vague phenomena in current stem cell debate

Area of Science:

• Philosophy of Science
• Developmental Biology
• Bioethics

Background:

• Recent advancements in stem cell research, particularly induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS), challenge traditional biological classifications.
• The concept of species membership and its inherent vagueness pose difficulties in categorizing these novel biological entities.
• Existing philosophical frameworks may not adequately address the unique ontological status of stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

• To illuminate the explanatory role of vagueness and species membership in the context of stem cell research.
• To apply the Neo-Aristotelian concept of "life form naturalism" to understand ontologically vague entities like stem cells.
• To draw important ontological and ethical consequences arising from this assessment.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual analysis integrating Neo-Aristotelian philosophy with contemporary stem cell biology.
• Examination of the ontological status of stem cells, including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS).
• Application of "life form naturalism" to address issues of sorting and naming in biological processes.

Main Results:

• Stem cells, including iPS, can be understood as ontologically vague entities.
• "Life form naturalism" offers a framework to classify these entities as necessary constituents for understanding natural processes.
• This approach facilitates the correct sorting and naming of biological entities and their bearers.

Conclusions:

• Vagueness in species membership is crucial for understanding stem cells and their biological roles.
• The "life form naturalism" perspective provides a robust ontological framework for stem cell classification.
• The ontological and ethical implications of stem cell research are clarified through this philosophical lens.