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Prevalence of Asymptomatic Microalbuminuria in HIV Positive Children in India

Gorav Sharma1, Sheila S Mathai2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Armed Forces Medical College, Wanowrie PO, Pune, Maharashtra, 411040, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|February 9, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Twenty percent of children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) showed microalbuminuria, indicating early kidney issues. Regular screening is recommended for these asymptomatic children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can lead to various complications, including renal involvement.
  • Early detection of kidney dysfunction in HIV-positive children is crucial for timely intervention.
  • Covert or early renal disease may present without overt symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of early renal abnormalities in HIV-positive children.
  • To assess the incidence of microalbuminuria and other signs of glomerular and tubular dysfunction.
  • To identify potential risk factors or associations with renal involvement.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 250 HIV-positive children aged 2-18 years.
  • Participants were evaluated for microalbuminuria, glomerular, and tubular dysfunction.
  • Data collection occurred between January 2014 and June 2015 at a tertiary care hospital.

Main Results:

  • Microalbuminuria was detected in 51 out of 250 (20%) children.
  • No other evidence of renal dysfunction was observed in the study population.
  • The incidence of microalbuminuria was similar in children on (20%) and not on (21%) Anti Retroviral Therapy (ART).
  • Children with microalbuminuria had significantly lower overall CD4 counts.

Conclusions:

  • Microalbuminuria is a significant finding in 20% of asymptomatic HIV-positive children.
  • This suggests early-stage glomerular dysfunction in this population.
  • Regular renal screening and follow-up are essential for HIV-positive children.
Abstract

Keywords:
HIV positive childrenHIVANMicroalbuminuria

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