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Synaptophysin Is a Reliable Marker for Axonal Damage.

Viktoria Gudi1, Lijie Gai1, Vanessa Herder2,3

  • 1Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.

Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology
|February 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptophysin accumulations mark axonal damage in central nervous system (CNS) white matter during demyelinating and neuroinflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). This study validates synaptophysin as a reliable immunohistochemical marker for detecting axonal injury.

Keywords:
Axonal damageDemyelinationInflammationSynaptophysin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunohistochemistry
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Synaptophysin is a key synaptic vesicle protein.
  • Axonal damage is a critical feature of demyelinating and neuroinflammatory CNS diseases.
  • Identifying reliable markers for axonal damage is crucial for understanding disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate synaptophysin accumulations (spheroids, ovoids, bulbs) in CNS white matter as an immunohistochemical marker for axonal damage.
  • To investigate the utility of synaptophysin in demyelinating and neuroinflammatory conditions, including multiple sclerosis (MS).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cuprizone toxicity and Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection models in mice.
  • Analyzed central nervous system (CNS) tissue samples from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Employed immunohistochemistry to detect synaptophysin and amyloid precursor protein (APP), a known marker of axonal damage.

Main Results:

  • Synaptophysin colocalized with APP, confirming its association with axonal damage.
  • Pathological synaptophysin/APP-positive spheroids/ovoids were abundant in the corpus callosum during early demyelination in the cuprizone model.
  • Synaptophysin/APP-positive structures indicated persistent axonal damage in chronic stages and resolved in remyelination phases, with some persistent bulbs.
  • In TMEV models and MS lesions, synaptophysin/APP-positive bulbs were observed in demyelinated areas and at inflammatory lesion edges, respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Synaptophysin accumulations serve as a reliable immunohistochemical marker for axonal damage in the CNS.
  • This marker is particularly useful in inflammatory and demyelinating conditions such as multiple sclerosis.
  • The findings support the use of synaptophysin for assessing axonal injury in neuroinflammatory diseases.