Shizukaol B, an active sesquiterpene from Chloranthus henryi, attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory responses in BV2...

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of shizukaol B, a lindenane-type dimeric sesquiterpene isolated from the whole plant of Chloranthus henryi, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of BV2 microglial cells in vitro. Our data showed that shizukaol B concentration-dependently suppressed expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. Meanwhile, shizukaol B concentration- and time-dependently inhibited LPS-mediated c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (JNK) activation, but had little effect on extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 or p38 phosphorylation. Furthermore, shizukaol B significantly blocked LPS-induced activator protein-1 (AP-1) activation, evidenced by reduced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of c-Jun and DNA binding activity of AP-1. Taken together, our findings suggest that shizukaol B exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated microglia partly by modulating JNK-AP-1 signaling pathway.