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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Disharmony in neural oscillations.

Alexandre Hyafil¹

¹Idibaps, Barcelona, Spain alexandre.hyafil@gmail.com.

Journal of Neurophysiology

|February 10, 2017

Summary

Cross-frequency phase coupling (PPC) detection is flawed by statistical bias and oscillation harmonics, questioning prior evidence of PPC in the hippocampus. This study reveals significant limitations in current methods for analyzing neural oscillations.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Signal Processing

Background:

Cross-frequency phase coupling (PPC) is theorized to be crucial for neural processing and cognitive functions.
Previous studies have reported evidence of PPC in various brain regions, including the hippocampus.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate a potential statistical bias in the detection of cross-frequency phase coupling (PPC).
To re-evaluate existing evidence for PPC in the hippocampus.
To identify confounds affecting PPC detection methods.

Main Methods:

Analysis of neural recording data to identify statistical biases.
Development and application of novel statistical tests for PPC.
Examination of the influence of oscillation harmonics on PPC detection.

Keywords:

cross-frequency coupling hippocampus oscillations synchrony

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Last Updated: Mar 7, 2026

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Automatic Detection of Highly Organized Theta Oscillations in the Murine EEG

Automatic Detection of Highly Organized Theta Oscillations in the Murine EEG

Published on: March 10, 2017

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Generation of Local CA1 γ Oscillations by Tetanic Stimulation

Published on: August 14, 2015

Main Results:

A significant statistical bias was uncovered in common methods for detecting PPC.
Prior evidence for PPC in the hippocampus was found to be questionable due to this bias.
PPC detection methods were shown to be confounded by oscillation harmonics, leading to potential false positives.

Conclusions:

Current methods for detecting PPC in neural recordings are significantly flawed.
The reliability of previously reported PPC findings, especially in the hippocampus, needs re-evaluation.
Further research is required to develop robust methods for analyzing neural oscillations and their coupling.