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Competition between apex predators? Brown bears decrease wolf kill rate on two continents.

Aimee Tallian1,2, Andrés Ordiz2,3, Matthew C Metz4,5

  • 1Department of Wildland Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, 5230 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT 84322, USA aimeetmt@gmail.com.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Apex predators like wolves may kill less often when competing with brown bears. This finding challenges assumptions about predator competition and impacts ecosystem dynamics.

Keywords:
Canis lupusScandinaviaUrsus arctosYellowstonecompetitionpredation

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Wildlife Biology
  • Behavioral Ecology

Background:

  • Trophic interactions and top-down forcing are key ecological concepts.
  • The impact of interspecific competition between apex predators on predation rates is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the presence of brown bears (Ursus arctos) affects the kill rate of grey wolves (Canis lupus).
  • To test the assumption that competition with brown bears increases wolf kill rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized long-term datasets from Scandinavia and Yellowstone National Park.
  • Employed kill interval (days between kills) as a proxy for wolf kill rate.
  • Compared kill rates of wolves in areas with and without sympatric brown bears.

Main Results:

  • Contrary to assumptions, brown bear presence was associated with reduced wolf kill rates in both study systems.
  • In Scandinavia, wolves sympatric with bears killed less frequently than allopatric wolves.
  • In Yellowstone, bear presence at wolf kills correlated with lower wolf kill frequency.

Conclusions:

  • Brown bear presence appears to decrease, rather than increase, grey wolf kill rates.
  • Predation's influence on lower trophic levels may be modulated by predator community composition.