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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Programmable Genome Editing Tools and their Regulation for Efficient Genome Engineering.

Tuhin Kumar Guha1, Alvan Wai1, Georg Hausner1

  • 1Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T2N2, Canada.

Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal
|February 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Genome editing tools precisely alter DNA for gene study and correction. This review explores current tools and strategies for controlling their activity, enhancing safety and precision.

Keywords:
CRISPR/Cas9Hammerhead ribozymeMeganucleaseRegulatory switchTALENZinc finger nuclease

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Targeted genome editing is a key technology for gene function studies and therapeutic applications.
  • Existing genome editing reagents create DNA double-strand breaks, repaired by cellular mechanisms.
  • Controlling reagent activity is crucial to minimize toxicity and off-target effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available genome editing tools.
  • To describe current strategies for regulating genome editing reagents.
  • To explore future regulatory switches for temporal control.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genome editing technologies.
  • Analysis of regulatory mechanisms for controlling reagent activity.
  • Discussion of potential future regulatory strategies.

Main Results:

  • Several genome editing tools exist, relying on DNA-targeting and cleavage mechanisms.
  • Regulatory switches can modulate in vitro and in vivo activity.
  • Strategies include controlling reagent on/off states and reducing off-target effects.

Conclusions:

  • Genome editing offers powerful genetic manipulation capabilities.
  • Developing effective regulatory switches is essential for safe and precise genome editing.
  • Future research should focus on advanced temporal control mechanisms.