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Clinicopathological features and microsurgical outcomes for giant pediatric intracranial tumor in 60 consecutive
Ailing Guo1, Vigneyshwar Suresh1, Xianzhi Liu1
1Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, ZhengZhou, 450052, HeNan Province, People's Republic of China.
Insights
Giant pediatric intracranial tumors (GPIT) are challenging. This study analyzed 60 cases, finding gross total resection in 77% and effective hydrocephalus management. Optimal outcomes depend on careful management and surgical skill.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric neurosurgery
- Neuro-oncology
- Clinical outcomes research
Background:
- Giant pediatric intracranial tumors (GPIT) present significant management challenges.
- High morbidity and mortality rates are associated with GPIT.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinicopathological features of GPIT.
- To analyze the largest case series of GPIT to date.
- To evaluate outcomes and prognostic factors in pediatric patients with GPIT.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 60 pediatric patients (<18 years) with GPIT (≥5 cm).
- Evaluation of surgical resection extent, hydrocephalus management, histopathological findings, and postoperative complications.
- Follow-up assessment of patient outcomes and survival rates.
Main Results:
- Gross total resection was achieved in 77% of cases; subtotal resection in 23%.
- Obstructive hydrocephalus resolved in 90% of cases post-resection.
- Malignant tumors (85%) included medulloblastoma, PNET, AT/RT, and gliosarcoma; benign tumors were also identified. Poor prognosis was linked to high-grade malignancies.
Conclusions:
- This study represents the first comprehensive clinicopathological description and largest case analysis of GPIT.
- Optimal outcomes for GPIT necessitate meticulous evaluation, perioperative management, and advanced microsurgical techniques.
- Early identification and tailored management strategies are crucial for improving survival and quality of life in pediatric patients with GPIT.
Purpose:
Giant pediatric intracranial tumor (GPIT) remains to be a challenging disease with high morbidity and mortality.
Methods:
The clinical data of 60 patients under 18 years of age operated on with GPIT (≥5 cm in diameter) were retrospectively analyzed.
Results:
Gross total resection was achieved in 46 cases (77%) and subtotal resection was obtained in 14 cases (23%). Ninety percent (47/52) of the cases with obstructive hydrocephalus were resolved remarkably and only 10% (5/52) of the patients needed a ventriculoperitoneal shunt after tumor resection. Postoperative histopathological type revealed malignant brain tumors in 51 cases (85%). The most common neoplasm was medulloblastoma; other types include the following: ependymoma, pilocytic astrocytoma, mixed glioma, primitive neuroectoderm tumor (PNET), subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, gangliocytoma, gliosarcoma, choroid plexus carcinoma, and atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT). Benign histopathological categories include the following: craniopharyngioma, choroid plexus papilloma, and meningioma. No death or serious complications occurred after the operation. However, transient subcutaneous effusion occurred in 14 patients postoperatively, nerve injury including the posterior cranial nerve in two cases and abduction nerve in one case, and mutism and pulmonary infection were observed in two cases, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 72 months, with an average of 32 months. Poor prognosis occurred significantly in the high-grade malignant tumors and PNET, AT/RT, and gliosarcoma were implicated in the death of patients within 1 year.
Conclusions:
To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first description of clinicopathological features and the largest case analysis for GPIT. Optimal outcomes for GPIT were achieved by strict evaluation and perioperative management as well as microsurgical skills.
