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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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Translation01:31

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Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
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Organisms are capable of detecting and fixing nucleotide mismatches that occur during DNA replication. This sophisticated process requires identifying the new strand and replacing the erroneous bases with correct nucleotides. Mismatch repair is coordinated by many proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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Interplay between miRNAs and human diseases.

Prosenjit Paul1, Anindya Chakraborty1, Debasree Sarkar1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|February 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs vital for gene regulation and maintaining health. Their dysregulation is linked to diseases like cancer and diabetes, offering potential for diagnosis and therapy.

Keywords:
cancerhomeostasisinsulinkidney diseasemiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, non-coding RNA molecules.
  • They are integral components of cellular gene regulatory networks.
  • miRNAs are crucial for maintaining homeostasis in healthy individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA interactions with various diseases.
  • To explore the role of miRNAs in disease diagnosis.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications.
  • Analysis of studies on miRNA function in health and disease.
  • Synthesis of information on miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics.

Main Results:

  • miRNA dysregulation is implicated in numerous diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer.
  • miRNAs serve as key regulators in cellular processes.
  • Altered miRNA expression patterns are associated with disease states.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs play a significant role in both health and disease pathogenesis.
  • Understanding miRNA biology is essential for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
  • miRNAs represent promising biomarkers and targets for various medical conditions.