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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
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Upper Respiratory Drugs: Antitussives, Expectorants, and Mucolytics01:23

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Respiratory symptoms, such as congestion and cough, commonly accompany respiratory tract conditions. Various medications, such as antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics, play crucial roles in providing relief.
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Microdissection of the Rodent Eye
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Essential Medicines for Children.

K Hoppu1

  • 1Poison Information Centre, Children's Hospital, and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics
|February 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • The World Health Organization (WHO) defines Essential Medicines as critical for public healthcare.
  • Access to essential medicines is a key component of the right to health.
  • Equitable access requires that children receive appropriate, available, affordable, and quality essential medicines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical gap in the availability of essential medicines for children.
  • To advocate for improved access to pediatric essential medicines.

Main Methods:

  • This study is a review of existing literature and WHO guidelines on essential medicines.
  • Analysis of global health policies and pediatric medicine accessibility.

Main Results:

  • Essential medicines for children are frequently unavailable or inaccessible.
  • Significant disparities exist in the availability of pediatric-formulated essential medicines.

Conclusions:

  • Children's access to essential medicines is often compromised, violating principles of health equity.
  • Urgent action is needed to ensure children globally have access to necessary medicines.