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Etiology of severe pneumonia in Ecuadorian children

Sivani Jonnalagadda1, Oswaldo Rodríguez2, Bertha Estrella2,3

  • 1Center for Global Health and Development, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.

Plos One
|February 10, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Community-acquired pneumonia in Ecuadorian children is frequently caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. Undernutrition is a key risk factor, highlighting the need for interventions and a potential RSV vaccine.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Respiratory pathogen research
  • Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia

Background:

  • Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a significant cause of child morbidity and mortality in Latin America.
  • Etiological studies of pneumonia in Ecuador are limited.
  • This study investigated the causes of severe pneumonia in young children in Quito, Ecuador.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the bacterial and viral etiology of severe community-acquired pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months in Ecuador.
  • To identify risk factors associated with specific respiratory pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study within a randomized clinical trial in Quito, Ecuador.
  • Analysis of nasopharyngeal and blood samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
  • Evaluation of risk factors for identified respiratory pathogens.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was detected in 39.2% of children, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in 17.5%, and adenovirus in 15.3%.
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae was found in 9.2% and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 0.74%.
  • Younger age and underweight status were risk factors for RSV; maternal education and clinical signs were associated with influenza A; younger age and respiratory rate were linked to HPIV-3.

Conclusions:

  • RSV and influenza are important pathogens in pediatric pneumonia in Ecuador.
  • Modifiable risk factors like undernutrition are significant.
  • The findings support the potential future use of an RSV vaccine.
Abstract

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