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Proanthocyanidins-Loaded Nanoparticles Enhance Dentin Degradation Resistance.

A S Fawzy1, B M Priyadarshini1, S T Selvan2

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New biodegradable nanoparticles loaded with grapeseed extract (GSE) significantly enhance demineralized dentin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Dental Materials Science
  • Polymer Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Demineralized dentin is susceptible to biodegradation, compromising dental restorations.
  • Grapeseed extract (GSE), rich in proanthocyanidins (PAs), shows promise in improving dentin's resistance to degradation.
  • Novel delivery systems are needed to effectively utilize GSE's properties in dentin treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of poly-[lactic-co-glycolic acid] (PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with GSE for enhancing the biodegradation resistance of demineralized dentin.
  • To evaluate the impact of this delivery strategy on dentin's structural stability, mechanical properties, and biochemical integrity over time.
  • To assess the infiltration and distribution of nanoparticles within dentinal tubules and their effect on the resin-dentin interface.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized PLGA nanoparticles loaded with GSE at varying ratios (100:75, 100:50, 100:25 w/w) via nanoprecipitation.
  • Characterized nanoparticles for morphology, physicochemical properties, drug loading, entrapment, and release kinetics.
  • Applied nanoparticle suspensions to demineralized dentin specimens simulating pulpal pressure and assessed biodegradation resistance using SEM, TEM, nanoindentation, and hydroxyproline release assays.
  • Evaluated the resin-dentin interface morphology after adhesive application.

Main Results:

  • GSE-loaded PLGA nanoparticles effectively infiltrated dentinal tubules and their lateral branches.
  • Treatment significantly enhanced collagen fibril structural resistance and improved biomechanical and biochemical stability of demineralized dentin.
  • Nanoparticles with a PLGA/GSE ratio of 100:75 exhibited the highest GSE release and provided the greatest improvement in biodegradation resistance.
  • SEM analysis revealed a uniform hybrid layer and well-formed resin tags with nanoparticles integrated into the dentin structure.

Conclusions:

  • Biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles offer a promising strategy for delivering GSE into demineralized dentin.
  • This approach effectively enhances dentin's resistance to biodegradation by reinforcing collagen structure and improving mechanical and biochemical properties.
  • The findings highlight the potential of nanoparticle-mediated delivery of crosslinkers for long-term stability of dental restorations.