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The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

Type IV Collagen of Basal Lamina

Type IV collagen is a 400 nm long, network-forming collagen that acts as a barrier between the epithelial and endothelial cells. Type IV collagen forms the backbone of the basement membrane by scaffolding with laminin, entactin, proteoglycans, and fibronectin. Apart from rendering structural support to the basement membrane, it also helps entail signaling potentials necessary for both pathological and physiological functions.
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Role of Vitamins in Maintaining Bone Health

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Fibril-associated Collagen

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Fibril-associated collagens are a type of collagens present in the extracellular matrix with interrupted triple helices or FACIT (Fibril-associated collagens interrupted triple-helices). FACIT help connect and attach the collagen fibrils with each other as well as with other proteins of the extracellular matrix.
For example, the type II collagen fibrils in cartilage have covalently bound type IX fibril-associated collagens at regular intervals. Other types of fibril-associated collagens are...

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Related Experiment Video

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Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

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Calcium concentration dependent collagen mineralization.

Xufeng Niu¹, Rui Fan², Feng Tian²

¹Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; Research Institute of Beihang University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications

|February 11, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals how calcium concentration affects collagen self-assembly and mineral crystallization during mineralization. Optimal calcium levels are crucial for balancing collagen organization and crystal formation for better mineralization outcomes.

Keywords:

Calcium Collagen Mineralization Self-assembly

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High-Throughput, Multi-Image Cryohistology of Mineralized Tissues

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Published on: September 14, 2016

Area of Science:

Biomineralization
Materials Science
Biochemistry

Background:

Collagen mineralization involves organic (collagen) and inorganic (calcium, phosphate) components.
Understanding the interplay between collagen self-assembly and mineral crystallization is key to biomineralization processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of calcium ion concentration on collagen self-assembly during mineralization.
To elucidate the relationship between collagen self-assembly and mineral crystal formation.

Main Methods:

Controlled mineralization experiments with varying calcium ion concentrations.
Analysis of collagen self-assembly and mineral crystallization.

Main Results:

Low calcium concentrations promote collagen self-assembly but yield poor mineral crystallization.
High calcium concentrations hinder collagen self-assembly but enhance mineral crystallization.
Collagen self-assembly precedes the formation of well-defined mineral crystals.

Conclusions:

Calcium concentration critically regulates the balance between collagen self-assembly and mineral crystallization.
The findings provide further mechanistic insights into collagen mineralization processes.