Biostimulants in Plant Science: A Global Perspective

Area of Science:

• Agricultural Science
• Plant Science
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Plant biostimulants are diverse products with complex origins, including microbes, seaweeds, and plant extracts.
• Understanding the biological basis of biostimulant action is crucial for developing a science-based industry and effective regulations.
• Current legislative categories do not adequately encompass the unique properties of biostimulants.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the field of plant biostimulants.
• To propose a clear definition distinguishing biostimulants from other agricultural inputs.
• To advocate for a research and validation focus on efficacy and safety, rather than solely on specific modes of action.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of plant biostimulant research.
• Analysis of diverse biostimulant sources and preparation methods.
• Development of a novel definition for plant biostimulants.

Main Results:

• A proposed definition: "a formulated product of biological origin that improves plant productivity as a consequence of the novel or emergent properties of the complex of constituents, and not as a sole consequence of the presence of known essential plant nutrients, plant growth regulators, or plant protective compounds."
• Recognition that biostimulant function can be modulated by molecules without a fully defined mode of action.
• Emphasis on the need for proof of efficacy and safety for market legitimacy.

Conclusions:

• The proposed definition clarifies the unique nature of biostimulants.
• Focusing on broad mechanisms of action and efficacy supports scientific advancement and market legitimacy.
• The distinct category of biostimulants fosters discovery of novel biological molecules and processes.