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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

1.8K
Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria01:30

Bacterial Phylum Actinobacteria

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Coryneform bacteria are gram-positive, aerobic, nonmotile rods that exhibit irregular, club-shaped, or V-shaped arrangements. Their V-shape results from snapping division, where the inner cell wall layer forms the cross-wall, while the outer layer remains intact until it ruptures on one side, causing the daughter cells to bend away.The primary genera are Corynebacterium and Arthrobacter. Corynebacterium includes diverse species, ranging from saprophytes to pathogens like Corynebacterium...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Identification of Virulence Markers of Mycobacterium abscessus for Intracellular Replication in Phagocytes
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Mycobacterium kansasii.

James C Johnston1, Leslie Chiang1, Kevin Elwood1

  • 1Division of Tuberculosis Control, British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 4R4, Canada.

Microbiology Spectrum
|February 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mycobacterium kansasii is a clinically significant nontuberculous mycobacteria, primarily found in tap water. Its infection mimics tuberculosis and requires microbiological confirmation for diagnosis and treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycobacterial Research

Background:

  • Mycobacterium kansasii is a clinically relevant nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM).
  • Unlike other NTM, M. kansasii is rarely found in soil or water, with tap water being the likely reservoir.
  • Infection is typically acquired via aerosol, with limited human-to-human transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Mycobacterium kansasii infections.
  • To highlight the challenges in differentiating M. kansasii from Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
  • To discuss treatment strategies for rifampin-resistant M. kansasii disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of M. kansasii epidemiology and clinical characteristics.

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  • Analysis of diagnostic challenges, including the impact on interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs).
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes and alternative therapeutic options for resistant strains.

    • Main Results:

    • M. kansasii infections present similarly to tuberculosis, necessitating microbiological confirmation.
    • Extrapulmonary disease occurs in 8-9% of cases, affecting lymph nodes, skin, and other systems.
    • M. kansasii can reduce the specificity of IGRAs for tuberculosis detection.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate diagnosis of M. kansasii is crucial due to its distinct clinical and therapeutic considerations.
    • Pulmonary comorbidities are common in patients with M. kansasii pulmonary disease.
    • Alternative treatments like clarithromycin or moxifloxacin may be considered for rifampin-resistant M. kansasii, especially given aminoglycoside toxicities.